1. Know and apply the steps in scientific method.

• Complete laboratory exercise and write lab report concerning measurement, presentation and interpretation of data
• Complete laboratory exercises and write lab report concerning experiments designed by students
• Explain the steps in scientific method

2. Describe basic atomic structure, symbols of elements, isotopes.

• Use the terminology and numbers associated with atomic structure and isotopes
• Use these symbols correctly in Unit projects

3. Use periodic table to predict properties of elements, valence electrons.

• Utilize the periodic table to determine the valence numbers of elements and compounds
• Predict properties of elements based upon their location in the periodic table
• Understand why refrigerant gases must have characteristic properties
• Predict the charges of monoatomic ions
• Predict the formulas of simple ionic compounds

4. Apply octet rule to chemical formulas, reactions and Lewis structures.

• Represent compounds as molecular formulas
• Name simple molecular compounds
• Know the molecular formulas of the common components of air pollution
• Draw Lewis structures of simple molecules from molecular formulas
• Predict molecular shape from Lewis structures
• Complete laboratory exercise and write lab report concerning Lewis structures and molecular shapes
• Understand the relationship between molecular shape and greenhouse effect

5. Apply mole concept to molar mass and simple stiochiometry.

• Calculate molar masses, apply these values to calculations involving chemical reactions
• Complete laboratory exercise and writing lab report concerning chemical reactions and moles
• Analyze the possible impact of the use of fossil fuels on the greenhouse effect

6. Recognize and balance fundamental types of chemical reactions.

• Write balanced chemical equations from a verbal description of a reaction
• Identify reactants and products
• Relate coefficients in equations to # molecules and # moles
• Recognize chemical change in laboratory exercises

7. Calculate energy changes and use energy units.

• Describe the electromagnetic spectrum
• Predict relative energy levels of photons based on frequencies or wavelengths
• Know the specific effects of ultraviolet energy, infrared energy and microwave energy on molecules
• Describe the effects of increased ultraviolet radiation on humans/animals/plants
• Identify and define terms related to energy
• Identify and use energy units in calculations
• Calculate energy released or absorbed during a chemical reaction using bond dissociation energies
• Define specific heat capacity and perform calculations involving specific heat
• Explain how refrigerators/air conditioners work

8. Explain 1st and 2nd Laws of Thermodynamics.

• Describe and explain energy transformations in a typical power plant
• Describe and explain efficiencies of steps in a typical power plant
• Describe and explain the relative benefits/drawbacks of various fuels
• Compare various means of generating electricity: power plant, electrochemical cells, photochemical cells, fuel cells

9. Explain formation and properties of solutions including molarity.

• Define electronegativity and apply it to the properties of water
• Know the differences between electrolytes and non-electrolytes
• Name simple ionic compounds

10. Apply molarity to solutions of acids and bases and pH.

• Recognize pH values as acidic, basic or neutral
• Recognize formulas of common acids and bases
• Evaluate pH measurements for relative levels of hydronium and hydroxide ions
• Calculate pH values corresponding to molar concentrations of acids and bases

11. Describe basic types of radioactivity and half-lives.

• Use and describe nuclear equations
• Describe the properties of alpha, beta and gamma radiation
• List natural sources of radioactivity
• Perform simple problems involving half-life
• List and describe the components of a nuclear power plant
• Describe the nature of nuclear fission
• Explain how a chain reaction occurs
• Explain the conversion of matter to energy in nuclear reactions

12. Describe fission and conversion of matter to energy.

• Default objectives

13. Describe/explain advantages/disadvantages of alternative energy sources and electricity production.

• List and describe the components of passive solar design
• Describe how hydrogen can be used as a fuel
• Describe and explain the design and operation of fuel cells
• Explain, recognize and give examples of oxidation and reduction
• Describe and explain the operation of electrochemical cells
• Describe and explain the operation of photovoltaic cells
• Describe and explain the current state of nuclear fusion as a source of energy

14. Apply knowledge of structure of plastics to their properties.

• List the typical properties of typical plastics
• Describe the molecular structure of typical plastics
• Correlate the properties with the structure
• Describe the formation of addition polymers
• Describe the formation of condensation polymers

15. Apply knowledge of organic functional groups to their properties.

• Describe and recognize bonding in carbon containing compounds; relate to 3-dimensional shape
• Define the term isomer, recognize isomers, distinguish between structural and chiral isomers
• Identify functional groups with classes of organic compounds
• Describe the general mode of action of drugs
• Use the lock-and-key theory to explain drug action
• Recognize the general structure of steroid
• List typical functions of steroids
• Apply the knowledge of drug action to specific examples of drugs, including steroids

16. Describe major types of biological compounds; relate their structures to their functions.

• List and describe the chemical composition and molecular structure of carbohydrates
• Define and list examples of macro-, micro- and trace minerals and their functions
• Classify carbohydrates based upon structure and properties
• List and describe the chemical composition and molecular structure of fats, oils and triglycerides
• Classify fats and oils based upon structure and properties (saturated and unsaturated)
• Define "essential amino acid" and apply this dietary significance
• List and describe the chemical composition and molecular structure of amino acids and proteins
• Classify amino acids based upon molecular structure; relate to function
• Analyze carbohydrates, fats and proteins as dietary components
• Define and give examples of fat-soluble and water-soluble vitamins and their functions

17. Describe and apply knowledge of DNA structure to inheritance and biotechnology.

• List and describe the chemical composition of DNA
• Relate the experimental evidence to DNA structure
• Describe the steps in DNA replication and relate to structure and heredity
• Describe the genetic code and relate to primary protein structure
• Describe levels of protein structure and relate to protein functions
• Describe DNA recombinant technology and its uses
• Describe identification techniques using DNA technology

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